TEHRATHUM: SUGGESTIONS FOR RHODODENDRONS’ CONSERVATION

Tuesday, January 4, 2011

SUGGESTIONS FOR RHODODENDRONS’ CONSERVATION

Tehrathum. Federation of Community Forests Users Nepal (FECOFUN), Tehrathum has started suggestions collection campaign so as to formulate a strategic plan for the conservation of rhododendron found in Tinjure-Milke-Jaljale forest area of the district.

Decision to this effect was taken following rampant deforestation in the area known as rich in species of rhododendron. According to district secretary of FECOFUN Tulasi Sangroula, the plan will be formulated after collecting the suggestions from 10 VDCs of the district adjoining to the forest area and also from the district level. The campaign has already been completed in Pauthak and Shrijung villages, he added. During the campaign, the consumers suggested to form committees for the conservation of rhododendron, provide them with alternative energy in grant, link the area with rod network and distribute fire woods to consumers by setting up its depots among others, said Sangraula.Out of the total 32 species of rhododendron found in Nepal, 28 species are found alone in Tinjure- Milke-Jaljale forest area.

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Land Of Rhododendrons

Terhathum District (तेह्रथुम)

Tehrathum District is a part of Kosi Zone, is one of the seventy-five districts of Nepal.The district, with Myanglung as its district headquarters, covers an area of 679 km² and has a population (2001) of 113,111. The word Tehrathum is constructed from thirteen ("tehra") and "thum" (castle or fort). This can be spelled as Terathum, Tehrathum or Terhathum.

The town supposedly is the site of one of a series of guard posts once protecting the territory of the Limbus (Limbuwan). Therathum is a word also used to mention Myanglung Bazar which has the district headquarters of Tehrathum.

Myanglung is onomatopoeic for the sound of a cat meowing and refers to an old tradition of a Hindu temple (still extant) in the town which had a resident cat. The "myang" means cat and "lung" means stone in Limbu (Kirat) language. The story is that the cat (myang) in ancient time, pawed the stone (lung) in anger. The stone still exists in Myanglung Bazaar at its gateway and is worshipped by the people entering bazaar.

Tehrathum comprises total 32 village development committees (VDC)s or local administrative divisions with 9 sub-divisions within each VDCs called wards.

About TMJ Area

Tinjure ridge, named as it has series of three beautiful hills, lies in the confluence of Nepal’s two eastern mountainous districts Shankhuwa Sava and Tehrathum. Standing out as kingdom of rhododendron Tinjure hosts many kinds of rhododendron species and other vegetation. It is identified as hotspot for biological diversity with some high valued Non Timber Forest Products (NTFPs) and endowed with spectacular land structures offering aesthetic pleasures. Argelli, lokta (Daphne papyracea), khasru (Quercus semicarpifolia), phanlat (Quercus glauca), katus (catanopsis indica), chiraito (Swertia chirayita, Swertia angustifolia), lothsalla (Taxus baccata), malingo, angeri, chuthro,etc are some of the important vegetation which grows and thrive in Tinjure area. So this area possesses immense potential for NTFPs to increase the livelihood of local people.Farming and livestock are the main occupation of the people that surrounds Tinjure. Potatoes, maize and cabbage are major agricultural products. Livestock has hugely supported the farming through the production of manure and provided people with major nutrient source, dairy products and meat. Livestock is also as an investment to provide cash for both planned events and as insurance in times of need. Both, farming and livestock have massive dependency on the forest. Forest, not only is the place for cattle grazing, collecting fodder, cutting grass but also is the only source of fuel wood and construction materials in this area which consequently have put the forest on the verge of deterioration. The extension of road in some site has notably increased the timber poaching. This situation, as a result, is degrading the forest together with the invaluable NTFPs.With the limited land for farming and livestock, the conventional sources can no more bear the burden of increasing population. Therefore, sound management and production of NTFPs depending upon the institutional management and commercial opportunities have become one efficient alternative to support the livelihood of the people around the Tinjure Area.Tinjure NTFPs Network established in 2063, a pioneer organization working in the field of NTFPs which is formed including 13 community forests (12 from Shankhuwa Sava and 1 from Tehrathum) in the area has been able to markedly transform the way people used to depend on the forest with the initiation and coordination of NORM, Basantapur with IUCN, UNDP/GEF/ SGP and the support of TEF,LFP, and New Era. This Network has been able to make a remarkable progress regarding income generating opportunities for local people.A progressive improvement shown so far is in the Tinjure Hand Paper Industry run by the Network. Started in the year of 2063 it has done a exemplary work providing job opportunity for the people identified as the poorest of the community.It produces..l.. daily which is equivalent to … and is being supplied to different part of the country. This shows approximately % profit.Another small industry they have been running is the Tinjure gurans juice industry. Started only 3 months ago it has done fantastic work. Okhre mahila samuha are really excited seeing the market that they found this season. Like wise it has been supplied … chiraito to dabur Nepal this season only. Other medicinal herbs are also doing well. It has also established a revolving fund for poor people in the area.The Network have established nursery of different medicinal herbs like rare lothsalla, allo, lokta and planning to do commercial production of the herbs. Through this network people from disadvantaged group are being trained and being well sensitized about the conservation income generating activities. Formation of different women’s group and involving them in the conservation and other income generating activities of course is a good initiation.Network seems to establish a local entrepreneurship using poor and disadvantaged groups which is the actual need of every rural area of Nepal.It is clearly seen that working with the Network is far better than working individual cfugs which makes CF easy to create fund, undertake business activities, distribute profit, and increase efficient market linkage and to approach stakeholders. It has become a very good means of very essential timely and effective communication with the CFUGs to develop. It has also enhanced the integrated conservation and development of the area.To make all the efforts more effective, the distribution system of profit should be transparent and equitable. The activities should be documented so that it would be easy to implement further programs more effectively and can be accommodated in the whole TMJ area and also to the other part of Nepal as well.

तेह्रथुम जिल्ला

तेह्रथुम नेपालको एक जिल्ला हो। पुरानो जिल्ला विभाजनको "पूर्व ४ नम्बर" भन्दा पनि पूर्वका १७ वटा वरपरका थुम्काह‍रु मध्येका १३ वटा थुम्काह‍रुलाइ समेटेर यो जिल्लाको नामाकरण भएको भए पनि हाल् निकै कम् "थुम्का"हरु यो जिल्लामा पर्दछन् | यो भौगोलिक हिसाबले अलि विकट नै भए पनि पू‍र्वाञ्चल बिकास क्षेत्रका पहाडी जिल्लाहरुमध्ये निकै अघि नै सडकबाट जोडीएको जिल्ला हो| "चिया क्षेत्र" मा पनि पर्ने यो जिल्लामा हाल् मुख्य रूपले अम्रिसो, अलैंची लगायतका नगदे बालिनालिह‍रु समेत निकै नै लगाउने गरिन्छ| मुख्य पर्यटकिय आकर्षण ह‍रुमा तीनजुरे हिमाल, नेपालकै सबै भन्दा अग्लो "ह्यातुङ झरना", सोल्माको चिया बगान, मिल्के क्षेत्र (मुख्य भाग सङ्खुवासभा जिल्लामा), बसन्तपुर (हिउ परेको बेलामा) आदि पर्छन |

विषयसूची

[लुकाउनुहोस्]

जिल्लाको नामाकरण

इतिहासमा उल्लेखित लिम्बुवान क्षेत्रमा पर्ने यो जिल्ला लिम्बु जातिहरुको बाहुल्यता भएको जिल्लामा पर्दछ । यसको नामाकरणमा पनि लिम्बु जातिमा प्रचलित भाषाको भूमिका रहेको स्वतः अड्कल काट्न सकिन्छ । यस जिल्लाको नाम तेह्रथुम रहनुका पछाडि निम्न कारणहरु हुन सक्ने देखिन्छ-

अरुणभन्दा उत्तरको भूमिलाई लिम्बुवान भनिएको कुरा इतिहासमा चर्चा गरिएको प्रसङ्ग नै हो । यस लिम्बुवान क्षेत्रमा जम्मा १७ वटा थुमहरु थिए र ती १७ थुमहरु मध्ये पनि लिम्बुवान राजाहरुले ४ वटा थुमहरु गुमाएर बाँकी रहेका १३ वटा थुमहरु यस जिल्लामा पर्ने भएकोले यसको नाम तेह्रथुम रहन गएको हो ।
नेपाली भाषामा थुम भन्नाले डाँडो ढिस्को वा थुम्को भन्ने बुझिन्छ र यस जिल्लामा तीनजुरेका तीन बटा डाँडाहरुबाट गन्दै जाँदा थला डाडासम्म १३ वटा थुम्काहरु भएका कारण यसको नाम तेह्रथुम रहेको हुन सक्ने देखिन्छ ।
"पहिले यो ठाँउमा १७ वटा थुम रहेकोमा प्रशासकीय सुविधाका लागि त्यसलाई वि।सं। १९५२ मा १३ वटा थुम अलग्याई मालपोत उठाउन छुट्टै प्रशासकीय इकाई स्थापना गरिएकोले यसलाई तेह्रथुम भनियो ।" ^[१]

सामान्यतः किंवदन्तीमा आधारित भएर यस जिल्लाको नामाकरणलाई पुष्टि गर्नु भन्दा पनि यसको ऐतिहासिक प्रमाणको आधारमा ठोस नामाकरण गर्नु सान्दर्भिक हुन्छ । लिम्बुवान राज्यको रुपमा जति बेला यो एक सशक्त राज्य थियो । सो राज्यका कर असुल गर्ने स्थानहरु वा किपट प्रथा अनुशार यसलाई १३ वटा थुमहरुमा विभाजन गरी तिरो उठाउने कार्यलाई सहज तुल्याइएको हुन सक्छ । सो १३ वटा तिरो बुभुने स्थानहरु विशेषबाट पछि गएर यस जिल्लाको नामाकरण नै तेह्रथुम जिल्ला भएको तर्क बढी युक्ति सङ्गत देखिन्छ ।

भौगोलिक अबस्थिती

पूर्व - पाँचथर जिल्ला
पश्चिम - धनकुटा जिल्ला
उत्तर - ताप्लेजुङ संखुवासभा
दक्षिण - धनकुटा पाँचथर ।
अक्षांश - २६ डिग्री १३ मिनेट देखि २६ डिग्री ५८ मिनेट सम्म
देशान्तर- ८७ डिग्री २७ मिनेट देखि ८७ डिग्री ४५ मिनेट
उचाइ - ३५४ मिटर देखि २९६३ मिटरसम्म
क्षेत्रफल- ६७९ वर्ग किलोमिटर

प्रमुख धार्मिक स्थलहरु

सिंहवाहिनी मन्दिर - म्याङ्लुङ
सि मिना क्षीं - जिरीखिम्ती
पाथीभरा - म्याङ्लुङ छातेढुङ्गा
गौखुरी माता - मोराहाङ
सिद्धदेवी - सोल्मा
जलकन्यादेवी - सोल्मा
रातपोखरी - तीनजुरे
शिव मन्दिर - दांगपा
पाचकन्या देवी - फाक्चामारा
भगवती मन्दिर - सक्रान्ति बजार
शिवालय मन्दिर - जलजले
तमु बौध गुम्बा इवा-हवाकु-२
शिवालय मन्दिर-सक्रान्ति बजार

प्रमुख झरना
हृयातुङ झरना, यो झरना नेपालकै सबैभन्दा लामो र विश्वकै दोश्रो अग्लो झरनामा पर्छ ।

मुख्य नदी तथा खोलाहरु

तेह्रथुम जिल्लाको पूर्वी सिमानको रुपमा तमोर नदि बगेको छ । यसले पाँचथर जिल्लाबाट यस जिल्लालाई छुट्टयाएको छ । यस जिल्लामा बग्ने अन्य नदीनाला तथा खोलाहरुमा खोरङ्गा खोला, पिगुवा खोला, लम्बु(लिम्बु)खोला,कोया खोला, तेलिया खोला, फाकचुवा खोला र हिउँदिया खोला प्रमुख छन् ।

मुख्य ताल र पोखरी

मार्गा पोखरी, चिचिलिङ्ग, छातेढुङ्गा, इवा, सक्रान्ति

गाउँ विकास समितीहरू

पौंठाक, आङदिम, आबुङ, इवा, इसाबु, ओख्रे, ओयाक्जुङ, खम्लालुङ, चुहानडाँडा , छातेढुङ्गा, जलजले, जिरिखिम्ति, ताम्फुला, थोक्लुङ, दाङपा,पञ्चकन्यापोखरी , पिप्ले, पौथाक, फाक्चामारा, फुलेक, बसन्तपुर, मोराहाङ, म्याङलुङ, श्रीजुङ्ग, संक्रान्तिवजार, सम्दु, सावला, सिम्ले, सुङनाम,सुदाप, सोल्मा, हमरजुङ, ह्वाकु,

Once is not enough to visit Tehrathum

Tuesday, January 4, 2011

SUGGESTIONS FOR RHODODENDRONS’ CONSERVATION

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विषयसूची

प्रमुख झरना

हृयातुङ झरना, यो झरना नेपालकै सबैभन्दा लामो र विश्वकै दोश्रो अग्लो झरनामा पर्छ ।

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